By late October and November, these storm systems become strong enough to form major winter storms. The jet stream-which tends to weaken in summer-begins to revive, leading to a quicker changing of weather patterns and an increased variability of temperatures. Autumn weather in Minnesota is largely the reverse of spring weather. Average annual precipitation across the state ranges from approximately 35 inches (890 mm) in the southeast to 20 inches (510 mm) in the northwest. The state averages 27 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes are possible in Minnesota from March through November, but the peak tornado month is June, followed by July, May, and August. The growing season in Minnesota varies from 90 days per year in the Iron Range to 160 days in southeastern Minnesota. Summer high temperatures in Minnesota average in the mid-80s F (30 ☌) in the south to the upper-70s F (25 ☌) in the north, with temperatures as hot as 114 ☏ (46 ☌) possible. These humid conditions initiate thunderstorm activity 30–40 days per year.
In summer, heat and humidity predominate in the south, while warm and less humid conditions are generally present in the north. Snowstorms are common early in the spring, but by late-spring as temperatures begin to moderate, the state can experience tornado outbreaks, a risk which diminishes but does not cease through the summer and into the autumn. Spring is a time of major transition in Minnesota. Temperatures as low as −60 ☏ or −51.1 ☌ have occurred during Minnesota winters. Annual snowfall extremes have ranged from over 170 inches or 4.32 metres in the rugged Superior Highlands of the North Shore to as little as 5 inches or 0.13 metres in southern Minnesota. Common storm systems include Alberta clippers or Panhandle hooks some of which develop into blizzards. Snow is the main form of winter precipitation, but freezing rain, sleet, and occasionally rain are all possible during the winter months. Winter in Minnesota is characterized by cold (below freezing) temperatures. On the Köppen climate classification, much of the southern third of Minnesota-roughly from the Twin Cities region southward-falls in the hot summer zone ( Dfa), and the northern two-thirds of Minnesota falls in the warm summer zone ( Dfb). The moderating effect of Lake Superior keeps the surrounding area relatively cooler in the summer and warmer in the winter, giving that region a smaller yearly temperature variation. The area near Lake Superior in the Minnesota Arrowhead region experiences weather unique from the rest of the state. Minnesota's location in the Upper Midwest allows it to experience some of the widest variety of weather in the United States, with each of the four seasons having its own distinct characteristics. Minnesota has a humid continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. Rainfall totals are given for the past 7, 10, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days up to the current date, as well as the total for the current month, year, and previous year.Köppen climate types of Minnesota, using 1991-2020 climate normals. The Recent Rainfall table shows the total rainfall (in inches) for each Mesonet site. Add estimated values Mesonet Rainfall Totals (in inches)ĭata complete through 7:00 pm CDT Station Name
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